Acute angle closure glaucoma is a medical emergency because it can lead to vision loss and hence it is important to be able to quickly...

Eyes are perhaps the most delicate of all the organs in the body, and require special attention and care to manage. Red eyes are a common...

Compartment Syndrome is a surgical emergency and requires a keen clinical eye to diagnose and manage. It can be a cause of excruciating...

Seizures are a neurological phenomenon seen in 0.5-1% of all people. There are a variety of causes and types, and a careful clinical...

Ascending cholangitis is a critically important and very serious presentation of abdominal pain, but if picked up early can be managed...

Hypothermia and hyperthermia are medical emergencies that can lead to end organ failure if not effectively managed. We talk about the...

Haematemesis, or vomiting blood, can be a symptom of an upper GI bleed. This should not be confused with haemoptysis, coughing up blood,...

Hyponatraemia is a topic that is famous for being loved by bosses on the ward and difficult to learn. If you spend 5 minutes studying...

The COVID-19 pandemic wrought global havoc for the best part of 3 years, and continues to have far-reaching effects now. In this video,...

Blood transfusions can be a life saving procedure. However, it comes with certain risks. We discuss the pathophysiology of possible...

Gestation is normally 37-40 weeks but if a baby is born before 37 weeks, they are termed premature. Premature babies are at increased...

Neonatal jaundice is a common problem affecting newborns. It can be physiological or pathological, and there are a variety of potential...

Subarachnoid haemorrhage is a medical emergency. It presents with a sudden “thunderclap” headache that is often described as the worst...

Ischaemic stroke is when the brain does not receive adequate blood flow. It is extremely common, especially in patients with hypertension...

Shock is an acute and critical clinical presentation where blood flow to the body is compromised. It has short term consequences, as well...

Testicular torsion is a medical emergency. It is the twisting of the spermatic cord and typically presents in young males. We explain the...

Ectopic pregnancies are a serious cause of abdominal pain affecting 1-2% of women. They can proceed to potential rupture of the...

Appendicitis is a common cause of abdominal pain, particularly in children and adolescents, and is a medical emergency. As such, it is...

Ascites is a common cause of abdominal distension. It results from the accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. The differential...

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a trace of the electrical activity of the heart. Although ECGs can be notoriously difficult to interpret,...