Systemic lupus erythematous is a common autoimmune disease which can cause debilitating arthritis and disconcerting rash. There are also...

Hyponatraemia is a topic that is famous for being loved by bosses on the ward and difficult to learn. If you spend 5 minutes studying...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an irreversible lung disease where the is inflammation of the airways and floppy airsacs....

Gout is a common and severe cause of chronic arthritis. Gout is involves the deposition of uric acid crystals in joints. Compliance with...

Bradycardia, or slow heart rate, is an important issue that may arise in patients already in hospital. Bradycardia could be normal or...

The COVID-19 pandemic wrought global havoc for the best part of 3 years, and continues to have far-reaching effects now. In this video,...

Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune cause of joint pain. Because it is autoimmune in aetiology, it can impact younger people,...

Dementia is a debilitating and very condition characterised by irreversible cognitive decline. We examine the main types of dementia, the...

Peripheral nerve lesions are a common cause of pain, weakness and/or sensory loss in the lower limb. This sheet summarises the causes,...

The abdominal physical examination is very common and can be used to detect underlying disease in a wide range of clinical presentations....

Cerebral palsy describes a congenital neurological motor syndrome characterised by one or more of spasticity, ataxia and dyskinesia. It...

Fun fact: Sadly patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may first "present" in cardiac arrest. Syncope or feeling faint is a very...

The cardiovascular examination is a common exam that you may be required to perform. It is often done not just to evaluate cardiological...

Osteoarthritis of the knee is a very common presentation of chronic joint pain. Despite this, there are many misconceptions about the...

The neurological exam is a complex exam that requires assessment of the upper and lower limb. We discuss the steps involved in a...

Asthma is a very common obstructive small airway disease. It is generally atopic in children but can also be aspirin induced in an adult...

Tuberculosis is one of the most common infections worldwide, typically affecting the lungs. It is most prevalent in South East Asia and...

The respiratory physical examination must be mastered by medical students and medical officers. It is very common and is therefore...

Blood transfusions can be a life saving procedure. However, it comes with certain risks. We discuss the pathophysiology of possible...

Failure to thrive is a serious presentation in the paediatric population. It is defined as when a child's growth is significantly less...